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中考英语常见语法知识点汇编

来源:学大教育     时间:2014-04-05 15:37:34


在学习英语过程中,语法是考生最为头疼的事情,但是考生要想在中考中取得优异的英语成绩,语法是考生必须要熟练地掌握,才会使自己更好的应对中考英语考试。今天,我为大家带来中考英语常见语法考点汇编:

主动语态和被动语态

知识点总结

语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态,如:We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者 ,或者是说动作不 是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态,如:Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。

一、主动语态改成被动语态方法  把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:

1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

2. 谓语动词变为"be+及物动词的过去分词",并通过be的变化来表达出 不同的时态;

3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);

例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week .

二、被动 语态的用法:

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词   Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词   A new shop was built last year.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词   This book has been translated into many languages.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词     Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词   Young trees must be watered often.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词   Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→   My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词   There are tw o books to be read. →   There are twenty more trees to be planted.

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。  What will happen in 100 years.   The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.  This new book sells well.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省 略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。   例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something   see somebody do so mething→somebody +be +seen to do something   The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。   He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.   He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。   We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us.

常见考法

对于语态考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下,会综合考查时态和语态,这时,要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态,然后再确定语态。

典型例题:-Could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry, I have no idea.

A invents B invented C is invented D was invented

解析:题干的意思是"你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?",发明收音机是过去 的事,所以用过去时,排除 A和C ;而radio和invent 构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除B

答案:D

误区提醒

有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上"to",这一点我们必须注意。

典型例题:The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.

A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew

解析:这是2007年济南的中考题。"看到某人做某事"为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式,在被动语态中要还原to。

答案:A

原因状语从句

知识点总结

是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句,在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since,for等。例如:

1.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill.   我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。

2. Since everybody is h ere, let's begin our meeting.   既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.

3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.   既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.

原因状语从句应注 意的问题

1、because , since , as , for,辨析

1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。

I did n't go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。例:

He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.   He must be ill, for he is absent today.

3) as和for的区别:通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。例:   As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句)   I stay at home, for the weather is cold.

2、because习惯上不与so连用

汉语习惯上说"因为…所以…",但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用:

正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.

误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at h ome. 因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。

3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换

Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后加的原因可以为好或坏 ,但最正规的还是because。

He can't come because he is ill. / He can't come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife's being th ere. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。

常见考法

对于原因状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题:He fou nd it increasin gly difficult to read, ____ hi s eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. and B. for C. but D. or

解析: "his eyesight was beginning to fail"是"he found it increasingly difficult to read"的原因, 因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。

答案: B

误区提醒

除了because , since , as , for这四个词的辨析外,对于because 从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后跟的是短 语 ,because后跟的是句子。

典型例题:He didn't go to work the heav y rain.

A .because B.because of C.so D.since

解析:题干的意思是" 由于那场大雨,他没有去上班" ,the heavy rain.表示原因,排除C; since 和 because 表示原因,后面跟的是从句,也就是说必须是一个完整的句子,本题中the heavy rain没有主语和谓语,.只是一个短语,所以排除A和C;because of表示"由于···",后跟名词、代词或短语。

答案:B

时间状语从句

知识点总结

在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as,after,before,since,until等词引导。

一、时间状语从句种类

1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。例如:

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。

2、Wh ile引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:   While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时 发生)    I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

3、As表示"一边……一边",as引导的动 作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调"一先一后。例如:   We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示"一边……一边")   As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句,表示两个动作一 前一后发生。

例如:It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

After yo u think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中 的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。 例如:

I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示"自从……以来"。

I have been in Beijing sinc e you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。

7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示"一……就"。例如:

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。

二、时态问题

在状语从句中,有"主将从现"的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句: I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京 就将给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是 一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)

常见考法

对于时间状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词,或从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力。

典型例题:I'm sure he will jump up when he the good news.

A . know B will know C. knows D knowing

解析:本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中,主句若是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称,所以排除 A 。

答案: C

误区提醒

When既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句,辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常 容易出错的地方。

典型例题: I don't know when he next week. when he , please let me know.

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. will come, co mes D. comes, will come

解析:第一句话"我不知道他下周什么时候来",when引导宾语从句 ,表示将来时,就用一般将来时will come;第二句话"当他来的时候,请让我知道",when引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时,所以用 comes。

答案: C

对于英语的语法来说,不仅需要我们牢牢的记忆,还需要我们在实际的考试中不断的运用和总结,不断更新自己的知识库,才会使自己更好的应对中考英语考试。上面有关中考英语常见语法考点汇编,希望大家好好的利用。

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